Tao Te Ching Chapter 58

1. Classical Chinese Original
其政闷闷,其民淳淳;
其政察察,其民缺缺。
祸兮福之所倚,福兮祸之所伏。
孰知其极?其无正也。
正复为奇,善复为妖。
人之迷,其日固久。
是以圣人方而不割,廉而不刿,直而不肆,光而不耀。
2. Pinyin Transcription
Qí zhèng mèn mèn, qí mín chún chún;
Qí zhèng chá chá, qí mín quē quē.
Huò xī fú zhī suǒ yǐ, fú xī huò zhī suǒ fú.
Shú zhī qí jí? Qí wú zhèng yě.
Zhèng fù wéi qí, shàn fù wéi yāo.
Rén zhī mí, qí rì gù jiǔ.
Shì yǐ shèng rén fāng ér bù gē, lián ér bù guì, zhí ér bù sì, guāng ér bù yào.
3. Structural Analysis
Section 1: Governance Contrast
- Passive Governance (闷闷):
“Government is dull → people are honest” - Micro-Management (察察):
“Government is nitpicking → people are cunning”
Section 2: Paradox of Fortune
- Interdependence:
“Disaster hides within good fortune”
“Good fortune lurks beneath disaster” - Unknowable Nature:
“Who knows the ultimate pattern? It has no fixed rule” - Transformation Principle:
“Order reverts to chaos, goodness becomes evil” - Human Condition:
“Human confusion has lasted long indeed”
Section 3: Sage’s Balanced Qualities
- “Square but doesn’t cut” → Principles without rigidity
- “Sharp but doesn’t stab” → Discernment without harm
- “Straight but not unrestrained” → Integrity without dogma
- “Bright but not dazzling” → Wisdom without arrogance
4. Key Concepts
Chinese | Pinyin | English | Philosophical Meaning |
---|---|---|---|
闷闷 | mèn mèn | Dull/passive | Non-interfering governance |
正复为奇 | zhèng fù wéi qí | Order becomes chaos | Cyclical transformation |
廉而不刿 | lián ér bù guì | Sharp but not piercing | Discerning gentleness |
光而不耀 | guāng ér bù yào | Bright but not glaring | Humble radiance |
5. Comparative Commentary
- Chapter 40 Parallel: “Reversal is Dao’s movement”
- Yin-Yang Theory: Mutual containment of opposites
- Modern Complexity Theory: Systems constantly evolving
6. Plain-English Summary
This chapter reveals:
- Governance Wisdom:
- Loose policies → Social harmony
- Over-control → Social deception
- Life’s Paradoxes:
- Blessings/curses constantly transform
- No absolute good/bad
- Sage’s Balance:
- Maintains virtues without extremes
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