Tao Te Ching Chapter 17

Tao Te Ching Chapter 17
Tao Te Ching Chapter 17

Original Chinese Text

太上,下知有之;
其次,亲而誉之;
其次,畏之;
其次,侮之。
信不足焉,有不信焉。
悠兮其贵言。
功成事遂,百姓皆谓我自然。

Pinyin (Pronunciation)

Tàishàng, xià zhī yǒu zhī;
Qí cì, qīn ér yù zhī;
Qí cì, wèi zhī;
Qí cì, wǔ zhī.
Xìn bùzú yān, yǒu bùxìn yān.
Yōu xī qí guì yán.
Gōng chéng shì suì, bǎixìng jiē wèi wǒ zìrán.


白话文翻译 (Plain Chinese Translation)

  1. 太上,下知有之
    • 最好的统治者,人民仅仅知道他的存在。
    • The highest ruler is barely known by the people.
  2. 其次,亲而誉之…其次,侮之
    • 次一等的,人民亲近并称赞他;再次一等的,人民畏惧他;最次的,人民轻蔑他。
    • The next best is loved and praised; the poorer is feared; the worst is despised.
  3. 信不足焉,有不信焉
    • 统治者诚信不足,人民自然不信任他。
    • When trust is lacking, people lose faith.
  4. 悠兮其贵言
    • 悠然自得啊,他很少发号施令。
    • How effortlessly he rules, seldom speaking.
  5. 功成事遂,百姓皆谓我自然
    • 功业成就,百姓都说:”我们本来就是这样。”
    • When deeds are done, the people say: “We did this ourselves.”

Key Concepts Explained

  • 太上 (tàishàng) – The ideal ruler who governs invisibly (呼应 Chapter 66’s “处下”).
  • 贵言 (guì yán) – Value of silence in leadership (对比 Confucian emphasis on “正名”).
  • 自然 (zìrán) – Spontaneous order emerging without coercion (see Chapter 25’s “道法自然”).

Philosophical Essence

  1. Leadership Hierarchy
    等级 统治特征 人民反应 现代对应
    太上 无为而治 仅知其存在 服务型领导
    其次 德政仁爱 亲近赞誉 魅力型领导
    再次 严刑峻法 畏惧服从 威权统治
    最次 昏庸暴虐 轻蔑反抗 失败国家
  2. Wuwei Governance
    • The Sage-King’s absence of interference creates authentic social order (呼应 Chapter 57’s “我无为而民自化”).
  3. Trust Principle
    • “信不足→有不信” anticipates modern social contract theory‘s collapse when trust erodes.

“The mark of a great leader? When the people say: We did this on our own.”
— Modern management interpretation of verse 5’s empowerment philosophy.

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